25 octombrie 2012

Anatomie Patologica



Dupa Curriculum de pregatire in specialitatea Anatomie Patologica:


Şcoala de Specializare în Anatomie Patologică are scopul de formare a medicilor specialişti în sectorul profesional al diagnosticului anatomo – cito -histopatologic al bolilor, care include urmatoarele activitati: examen macroscopic (cu ocazia efectuării necropsiei, si cu ocazia examinarii macroscopice a pieselor chirurgicale), examen microscopic citopatologic (frotiuri, amprente si punctiile aspirative cu ac fin), histopatologic la parafina (al biopsiilor obtinute de la endoscopii, prin punctie – biopsie, al secţiunilor recoltate din piesele chirurgicale, sau al pieselor recoltate la necropsie) histopatologic la gheata (sau al secţiunilor prelevate intraoperator), imunohistochimic şi eventual ultrastructural


> Durata de pregatire: 4 ani

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   Pathology is a specialty of detection, dealing with the causes and nature of disease.  It contributes to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment through knowledge gained by laboratory application of the basic sciences. As such, this discipline forms the basis of every physician’s thinking about the patient. Modern pathology applies the latest advances in the biological sciences to traditional morphological methods of studying disease. 
   A consulting specialist, the pathologist is truly the doctor’s doctor, with expertise in one or more fields of anatomic pathology and laboratory medicine.  Anatomic pathologists usually work in hospitals, investigating the effects of disease on the human body via autopsies and microscopic examination of tissues, cells and other specimens.  Medical laboratory directors are responsible for the sophisticated laboratory tests on samples of tissues or fluids and the quality and accuracy of the tests. Important subspecialty fields of pathology are surgical pathology (including cytology and fine needle aspiration), neuropathology, and cardiac, pulmonary, and molecular pathology.
   The practice of pathology is most often conducted in community hospitals or in academic medical centers, where patient care, diagnostic services and research go hand in hand. Creation of new knowledge is the lifeblood of pathology, and many academic pathologists devote significant time in their career to research. 

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   Pathologists use the oldest diagnostic techniques (gross examination) while at the same time developing the newest (real-time polymerase chain reaction). With these methods, they are at the forefront of medical discovery.


   Pathology is exciting, multidimensional, and fundamental to medicine. Its limited patient interaction makes pathology an often-misunderstood field. No authors ever write novels about the heroic pathologist who spends hours poring over slides and discovers three cancer cells lurking under a lymph node capsule. Movies and television shows never portray the lives saved by a pathologist who detected mesothelioma in a hernia sac or a deadly sarcoma in a seemingly routine gangrenous toe specimen. This is, after all, what pathology is all about.

THE STUDY OF DISEASE AND ILLNESS

   The practice of pathology involves the detection, analysis, and understanding of disease processes. As the only branch of medicine considered both a basic science and a clinical specialty, pathology is somewhat unique. By studying tissues, cells, and fluid samples, pathologists unravel the mystery of how a particular disease arises and develops. To do so, they draw on a variety of methods, ranging from microbiology to molecular biology. All diseased tissues in the body express themselves through symptoms, signs, and laboratory abnormalities. Without the information provided by pathologists, most physicians would have difficulty interpreting their patients’ clinical presentation and managing the progression of their illness.


   Anatomic pathologists always have to be vigilant in their work. Each day, there is the possibility of discovering unexpected disease processes.


WHAT MAKES A GOOD
PATHOLOGIST?
✓ Likes precise scientific evidence.
✓ Has excellent management
and organizational skills.
✓ Is an independent, studious,
and inquisitive person.
✓ Likes serving as a consultant
to other physicians.
✓ Enjoys the challenge of difficult
cases.


   A pathologist requires an exhaustive command of the current medical literature. They have to stay on top of the latest advances and make every effort to assimilate new information. For this reason, pathology tends to attract individuals who never feel satisfied that they know (or will ever master) enough medicine. You must be committed to a lifetime of learning. Most good pathologists are copious readers because they need to know more than just the common disease entities. Their medical colleagues expect them to be ready to discern zebras—unexpected or unusual findings—and the associated clinical implications. “Pathologists have to know just about everything there is to know about disease,” commented a senior resident. This requirement makes pathology intellectually demanding, yet extremely rewarding.


   Pathologists advance our understanding of disease by studying tissues, cells, receptors, proteins, and genes, and their roles in disease. They analyze unusual findings, recognize patterns of disease, and make new connections between abnormal observations. They take new developments from laboratory bench research and test them for bedside utility. They develop new diagnostic tests and procedures, identify gene mutations and new disease entities, and study the pathogenesis of disease. In doing so, many pathologists either conduct their own research or collaborate with other researchers (not necessarily MDs). Through articles in scientific journals, together they bring the latest techniques to the forefront of clinical use. For these reasons and more, pathologists hold an optimal position to pursue descriptive and experimental research.

   Consider a career in pathology because you are prepared to have patients’ diagnoses—and consequently treatment—rest in your hands. Pathologists are real doctors who are simply fascinated by disease and its cellular processes.

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